Analysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart - 1435 Words

‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel tries to bring back up cultural, social as well as spiritual basics of traditional Igbo (Ibo) existence from the year 1850 and 1900. The novel cannot be fixed like truthful societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depicts changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. The author mentions that European colonialism operates as a powerful as well as well-built mediator of the change within Ibo society. Additionally, Christianity attracted the trivial associates of the Igbo society. Igbo and other societies were changed considerably due to this variety of deal with Europeans. A few societies expanded in dimension and authority as marketable centers, whereas others go through great losses in the course of slave invasion. Hostility also gets higher, and conflicts tactics tat are distorted due to the use of weapons. In expressing the accomplishment of Catholic Missionaries Hatch, Roman Catholics appeared to be most helpful within the endeavor by protecting a paramount place within Igbo society. According to Chinua Achebe, Educational expansion was the invention of Igbo confined organization but not of British supervision. As a result, other operation schools such as Anglican schools traced their private development within launching and at the same time managing other schools within Igbo land (Achebe, 2000.) TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1772 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction The novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† focuses on the colonization history of Igbo, an ethnic group which was crashed by Christian culture. The main character of the novel, Okonkwo, embodied the sufferance of Igbo society as well as the decline of Igbo culture. The novel is written by Chinua Achebe who was born in Nigeria. Achebe lived in an English environment and thus he was proficient in writing English. The novel is written in English regardless of its AfricanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1100 Words   |  5 PagesChristine Kittrell Professor Harrington HUM 200: Contemporary Lit Culture 30 September 2014 American society vs. Umuofian society Values are beliefs, priorities, and or activities that people find importance in. In the 1959 novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† written by Chinua Achebe, the concentration is on the nine Ibo-speaking villages of Umuofian, which means People of the Forest†. Umuofian is the village in which Okonkwo, the protagonist, thrives in everything and is able to secure his manly positionRead MoreWork1068 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Things Fall Apart: Character Analysis Research Paper In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character Okonkwo has only one tragic flaw; he has raised himself so that looking weak or effeminate is the worst thing to him that he could do. Okonkwo is a model clansman based on his success. However, he is more alienated from his culture based on his lack of respect for it. In this research paper, I’ll walk through a character analysis of Okonkwo. The protagonist of Things FallRead MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 2112 October 17, 2012 In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timelessRead MoreAnalysis Of Feminism In Things Fall Apart1070 Words   |  5 Pages The analysis of feminist theory in Things Fall Apart presents reason for the sexism that is continuously portrayed. Sexism and problematic gender roles within the novel are repeatedly depicted throughout a number of scenes and characters. With this, we are able to see how sexism exists in various cultures and how the implementation of sexism is detrimental to society. Although, as feminist theory states, rebelling and challenging the patriarchal syste m is necessary to halt gender roles and sexualRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor certainly knows how to create a work of literature that transcends time. Seen expertly in his best selling novel Things Fall Apart Achebe combines narrative techniques to give a voice to the Igbo tribe of Niger, accurately depicting them in a way they never had been before. His use of an evolving narrative view, ethnographic views and neutrality on tough subjects allows this novel to become an instant success and stellar view into previously unexplored cultures. Emeka Aniagolu quotes AfricanRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor certainly knows how to create a work of literature that transcends time. Seen expertly in his best selling novel Things Fall Apart Achebe combines narrative techniques to give a voice to the Igbo tribe of Niger, accurately depicting them in a way they never had been before. His use of an evolving narrative view, ethnographic views and neutrality on tough subjects allows this novel to become an instant success and a great view into previously unexplored cultures. Emeka Aniagolu quotes AfricanRead MoreChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: Exploring the Ibo Culture1743 Words   |  7 PagesAchebe’s Things Fall Apart. Things Fall Apart is a 1958 English novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Achebe is indebted to Yeats for the title as it has been taken from Yeats’ poem The Second Coming. Achebe is a fastidious, skillful artist and garnered more critical attention than any other African writer. His reputation was soon established after his novel Things Fall Apart. He made a considerable influence over young African writers. It is seen as the archetypal modern African novel in EnglishRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal t hemes, and timeless struggles that appeal to every humanRead MoreChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature999 Words   |  4 Pages Portfolio Essay: Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe is a renowned Nigeria novelist lauded for his work in literature. Chinua Achebe has been credited with numerous works of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable

Analysis Of Chekhov s Miss Julie - 1215 Words

Naturalism in theatre displayed the concept of creating ‘real life’ on stage. Notable practitioners such as Emile Zola, Anton Chekhov, and August Strindberg, illustrate in their plays this illusion of reality on stage. Director and practitioner, Konstantin Stanislavski, created a method where actors achieved naturalistic performances. Moreover, the key features seen in Naturalism theatre is the determinism of the environment, the actors portrayal of the characters and the concept of happiness. Both of this concepts can be seen in Anton Chekhov’s Three Sisters and August Strindberg’s Miss Julie. Determinism in the environment is the idea that the characters are victims of their own circumstance. In Miss Julie, Julie is infatuated with Jean, this is displayed by her actions. To illustrate, Julie tells him to go dance with her, and later she asks him to take her to the lake. Ultimately, Jean takes advantage of Julie’s naivety and tells her to go away with him to open a hotel. However, Jean soon realizes that Julie does not have any fortune, which causes Jean to not go anywhere with Julie. â€Å"Julie: ‘I can’t do that, I own nothing myself†¦ Jean: ‘Things stay as they are’† (Strindberg 58). Miss Julie feeling ashamed and not wanting to ruin her father’s reputation chooses to commit suicide. Strindberg creates a cycle of who has the power between Julie and Jean. Julie is first seen commanding Jean and at the end of the play, Jean commanding Julie. â€Å"Julie: †¦Bark me an order andShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration Of Au gust Strindberg s Life Through Its Cruel And Powerful Struggles1536 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I find the joy in life through its cruel and powerful struggles† (Strindberg 57): An Exploration of August Strindberg’s Personality through Hypnotism in Miss Julie In the preface of the â€Å"brutal... cynical... heartless drama† (Strindberg 57), Miss Julie, August Strindberg gives an in depth analysis of his play and himself. Fashioning his characters as â€Å"souls† (Strindberg 91), Strindberg permits mobility in personal development and reflects the complexity of the self. Through his drawing of the characters

Role of Search Engine for Biodiversity- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRole of Search Engine for Biodiversity and Conservation. Answer: How does the search engine work in performing its task? How does it add sites to its database? How big is the database? (Do sites have to register or does the search engine use a robot to search them out?) It sounds like it is a robot searching or crawl to them The Google search engine creates the index by using a program called web crawler. It ranks the search results in the list, which determines the order that is displayed in the result. Every time a web crawler is visiting a page it makes a photocopy of it and adds the URL in the index. These results to a situation that whenever a key word or a sentence is typed in the search bar the possible and relating site name are dropped from the index box(Mukherjee et al., 2014). The information that the web crawler copies is used by the Google search engines to create a index in the list as per their priority. It adds sites to the database with the help of web crawler. The web crawler copies the URL of the sites that it visits. The search engine uses this informations and they are enlisted in the index by search engine. In Google, search engine it automatically gathers the information from internet into the servers. It generally pulls in the raw data from the internet and then the search engine utilizes the data to create the index. It is said that the algorithm analyzes more than 200 variables to apply search level to the search queries. The searching is done with the help of programs generally termed as crawling that copies the information and gives to the search engine to create an index. What kind of searches does it do? (keyword, subject). Does it support all Boolean syntax such as AND, OR, NOT expression? The difference between the Google search engine and the browser is that the browsers are used to access various sites and web pages and the search engines search for the data depending on a particular key word that is common in the typed word. The Google search engine depends on the keywords and not sentences. The search engine reads the keywords that are given by the person searching the information (Shih, Chen, Chen, 2013). It relates and matches the information and shows the list thathas all the common words with the keywords. The person searching the information can easily identify the information that is being searched and can easily work with that accordingly. The Google search engine simplifies the work of the user by speeding the searching process with the use of key words. The use of AND in Google search engine reduces the scope for search and limits the search capacity. The search engine works with a very restricted scope if AND is used. The use of OR increases the scope for search engine thus there are wider chances if OR is used in search engines. Theuse of NOT will give no result to the person who is searching(Stam Scott, 2014). The general tip that can be considered in Google search engine is the use of keywords that will determine the possible terms present in the dictionary of search engine. It will bring the list of all the possible information and we can select among them as per our requirement. Many times, a single keyword might not be sufficient and a set of two or three words have to be to the search box for the search engine to identify the required information(Tsou et al.,2013). Thus, the common tip for using this search engine is to use two or more relevant key words that will help the system to recognize the required information that will help the user. The user can then easily search from the list of the information that they are trying to get. Does it give you any general tips for searching? How does the search engine assist users in retrieving their relevant documents? The Google search engine helps us to easily identify the information and retrieve it as per our requirement in a short span of time. It makes the work of the user easy and time saving as they provide the required data without providing any proper site name or websites(SNchez, Castell-Roca Viejo,2013). The crawling ability of the search engine gets around the site and the indexing gets the pages into the search engines index. They use signals for categorizing, geo-localization, demographic and more. How does it order/rank responses? Search engines are defined as web-based tools that searches for results with a specific target entered by the user and gives a result that contains a list of search result that has the most appropriate match with the keywords. Likewise Google search engine also have their own way of ranking. They use different algorithm to rank the search engine informations. They rank the information which they consider to be most relevant and useful. They consider a complicated mathematical calculation to consider this factor, which includes 200+ factors. Any special features available in the search engine which is not available in other search engine? The common search engine that I use for searching any data is the Google search engine. The specific feature of this SEO, which is not present in other SEO, is: they show exactly which website links to the information. There is also an option to download the URL list in a doc file and use it for various analysis processes(Mccallum Bury,2013). The GWT immediately alerts me whenever I have been penalized or any other issues have occurred in Google. This aware me from understanding if malicious hacker has used or targeted my site or not.There is a recovery tool to protect the site. A lot of red flags are rising from this site then it will be viewed by a human and penalty will be taken from the person breaking the rule. How do you rate the search engine in the aspects of performances, scalability, effectiveness and efficiency. The search engine is making my way of searching easier and faster. I do not spend much time to search data that is required as the keywords gives me the relevant data and links to search the information. Thus the search engine has made my searching process more smoother and faster than before. The search engine that I use to search the informations is Google.com. I would rate this 9 out of 10 for their performance, effectiveness and efficiency. The search engine is very specific and efficient to the user and gives the accurate information that connects to the keywords. However, at times there are irrelevant data, the chances for this is high when much data is not available in internet or the keywords are not proper. References: Mccallum, M. L., Bury, G. W. (2013). Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment.Biodiversity and conservation,22(6-7), 1355-1367. Mukherjee, S., Bhayani, J. V., Chand, J., Raj, R. N. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,676,830. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. SNchez, D., Castell-Roca, J., Viejo, A. (2013). Knowledge-based scheme to create privacy-preserving but semantically-related queries for web search engines.Information Sciences,218, 17-30. Shih, B. Y., Chen, C. Y., Chen, Z. S. (2013). Retracted: an empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(6), 528-540. Stam, D., Scott, A. (2014). Introduction. InInside Magazine Publishing(pp. 17-24). Routledge. Tsou, M. H., Yang, J. A., Lusher, D., Han, S., Spitzberg, B., Gawron, J. M., ... An, L. (2013). Mapping social activities and concepts with social media (Twitter) and web search engines (Yahoo and Bing): a case study in 2012 US Presidential Election.Cartography and Geographic Information Science,40(4), 337-348.

Sustainable Advantage of Coach Inc

External Analysis Population and demographics As the population increases in number, it is necessary to take into account the needs of the population and their buying capacity. In this respect, the Coach Inc main directions for operation include the countries where the population growth is supported by the economic growth and the increased buying power. Thus, the industry can produce more goods and locate more stores in populated areas to ensure that all potential buyers are approached.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Sustainable Advantage of Coach Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Societal values and lifestyles The values and lifestyle typical for population change as well as the strategic initiatives imposed in industry to meet the buyers’ needs and expectations. In this respect, the industry introduced luxurious goods that are sold in specialized stores to make sure that every customer is maintained at the appropriate level. Besides, the increasing economic level enables consumers to buy luxurious good manufactured and distributed in different areas. Thus, luxurious brands enable customers to feel a special approach performed via specialized stores while the Coach Inc’s stores are perceived among the most aesthetically attractive stores within the industry (Gamble, 2008, p. 311). Economic condition Though the situation in the industry was stable in the period of 2000-2006, the company had to ensure that the increase of the number of the company-owned stores and factory stores all over the world would not influence the expenses reducing the opportunity to expand into the industry. Thus, the company addressed the existing market where it was operating and expanded the number of stores hence increasing its overall revenue without increasing largely the cost of the products that were still perceived as luxurious goods at a reasonable price. Industry Analysis Situa tion introduction The industry of luxurious goods is very large in terms of a number of categories presented in this branch. In other words, the Coach Inc is dealing with brand extension by means of making agreements with manufacturers of watches, women’s footwear, eyewear, and other branches that can produce goods under the brand name of the company. Though the market has a great number of competitors that produce similar goods under famous worldwide known brands including European fashion designers, the Coach Inc obtains another niche in this sector.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goods produced under the brand of the Coach Inc are characterized as being as luxurious as similar goods produced under other brands though more affordable than goods manufactured under European designer brands. Besides, the company should implement strategic changes in ord er to remain competitive. However, the approach to customers can be considered one of the competitive advantages that make the company competitive without implementation of innovative changes. In this respect, the situation in the industry suggests that luxurious goods manufactured by the Coach Inc that are of lower cost than other goods of the same category that are distributed at higher costs will be in demand. Driving forces The main driving forces that exist in the industry include bargaining power of buyers as the cost of products should be aimed at a certain target audience, threat of new entrants as competition helps companies to sustain their advantages and search new methods of improvement, and threat of substitutes as fake products contribute negatively to the reputation of the brand. In this respect, it is necessary to analyze the driving forces in this industry with regard to the changes that can be introduced by the Coach Inc to remain competitive. Bargaining power of b uyers influences the pricing policies of the companies making them reduce prices or enabling them to increase prices respectively. If buyers are ready to purchase the same goods at higher prices, the company can increase prices whereas the Coach Inc manages to reduce prices in their factory stores enabling people with lower income rates to purchase their goods at reduced costs. Threat of new entrants is one of the driving forces in the industry as well as threat of substitutes. These two forces are closely connected because the new entrants can start with copying of designs established by the Coach Inc thus spoiling the reputation of the company. In this respect, the company should create new collections using new designs every month. Key success factors The key success factor that can be potentially acquired by all representatives of the industry includes the approach to customers that consists in company-owned stores and the environment in stores that is typical for the luxurious brands only and seasonal sales that attract more customers that are eager to purchase the goods under this brand but cannot afford the full-price goods.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Sustainable Advantage of Coach Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, the approach of the company to customers with regard to pricing policies and sales, the stores and work with customers can be considered the key success factor for the segment of industry that deal with manufacturing and distribution of luxurious goods. When the company enters the market and launches its goods manufactured under a definite brand, it should ensure that these goods are sold in specific stores and customers feel special which the essence of the luxurious goods category is. In this respect, the industry key success factor is the approach/the way of presenting the brand that includes a store, environment in it, and work with clients. Porter’s forces analysis. Propose The industry can be characterized with strong Porter’s forces leading to less attractive image of the companies in the industry. I this respect, it is necessary to indicate that the industry is affected by strong threats of substitutes because the reputation of the company depends on the quality of goods that can be ruined by substitutes. Bargaining power of suppliers can be considered strong because they can purchase good expensive materials in order to provide the manufacturers with high-quality materials for their work leading to high prices of final goods. Buyers bargaining power is high as well; it makes the difference between similar brands that exist within the industry almost elusive. Finally, potential new entries are also very probable in the industry meaning that the companies that already operate in the industry should implement strategic changes and apply new technologies to the manufacturing and distribution sec tors to be more competitive. Rivalry among competitors can be as positive as negative leading to decrease of costs hence making the brand less luxurious or resulting in low quality of the products that is sure to affect the customer loyalty. Addressing the forces. Competitive rivalry The companies should implement new strategies in terms of competition and advertising. The competitive rivalry is strong and it increases the costs of ready-made goods making buyers with similar bargaining powers choose the most appealing brand. The approach used by the company is very important as well as advertising strategy. In this respect, sustainable competitive advantage can facilitate the implementation of new strategies and attracting of new customers. When the company’s competitive advantage is not sustainable it is sure to lose its positions in the market.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Substitutes Substitutes can be considered a great threat for the industry making manufacturers implement new technologies. However, sometimes buyers are eager to buy substitutes due to lower costs or variety of designs. Thus, the number of substitute products available in the market makes the manufacturers create new designs every month and rush for the more exclusive materials to offer their clients. The strong threat of substitutes is a good aspect that sustains the industry in shape and helps customers receive the most qualitative goods at lower prices because companies implement new pricing policies to remain competitive. Buyers The buyers can be considered a strong Porter’s force because the limited number of buyers does not limit the number of brands within the industry though this can make buyers change their priorities and choose other brands after appearance of high-quality substitutes. In this respect, the companies that operate in the industry of luxurious goods ca n attract their buyers and even make customers loyal to existing brands change their priorities. In other words, companies can increase the number of factory stores and double the number of sales that provide customers with the same goods at lower prices than when the collection is new at the beginning of the month or season. Suppliers The suppliers can be considered a weak Porter’s force due to the stability of the industry and the buyers’ bargaining power. In this respect, even the increase of costs by suppliers that will affect the cost of products can have no influence on the buyers due to their strong bargaining power and ability to change priorities. When a buyer can buy goods manufactured under a certain brand, the manufacturer should think about the ways to reinforce the loyalty thus the suppliers can be changed in accordance with pricing policies of the company. Entry The threat of new entries is strong due to common aspects that can be found within the indust ry including loyalty to established brands though this cannot guarantee the loyalty in future after appearance of new more appealing brands. In this respect, the companies should find other sources of investment and develop their distribution nets in order to obtain absolute cost advantages. Besides, the threat of substitutes can force the companies in the industry use exclusive materials leading to increase of costs paid by the manufacturers for materials and by customers for goods excluding a large part of customers who purchase the goods at sales and in factory stores. Industry profile and attractiveness The sector of industry that deals with luxurious goods is attractive because it has strong buyers’ bargaining power that enables the company to operate effectively and find its niche in the industry. Besides, suppliers can be considered a weak force according to Porter’s analysis of five forces because it does not affect the success of the company in the market to t he same extent as rivalry among competitors and strong threat of potential new entries. Moreover, the threat of substitutes is strong as well which makes the industry challenging and attractive to companies that have good suppliers or sustainable competitive advantage that will help them to keep their positions in the market. The five forces approach helps to analyze the situation in the industry making it clear that it is attractive for the companies that have competitive advantages, powerful competitive strategies, and can introduce changes in order to keep their positions. Though the bargaining power of buyers is strong, it is aligned with the weak bargaining power of suppliers. Reference Gamble, J. E. (2008). Coach Inc.: Is its advantage in luxury handbags sustainable? In J. E. Gamble A. A. Thompson (Eds.). Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage (pp. 303-316). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. This critical writing on Sustainable Advantage of Coach Inc was written and submitted by user Ph1ll1p to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Galdiator essays

Galdiator essays Imagine brutal sword fights equipped with severed limbs, decapitated bodies, men doing anything to kill their opponents, gruesome deaths, and one man caught in the middle. The movie Gladiator consists of all these traits. Gladiator was produced by Douglas Wick, directed by Ridely Scott and starred Russell Crowe. Russell Crowe plays a character named Maximus Desimus Meridius, the general of the Roman Empire army. The movie begins with a war Maximus has just won. The Emperor of Rome, who is dying, shows up at the battle scene to congratulate Maximus on his victory and plans to give the empire to Maximus, not to his son Commodus. In anger and jealousy Commodus, the Emperors son, kills his father, declares himself Emperor, and orders Maximus and his family to be killed. Maximus escapes but it is too late for his family. Maximus is then captured by slave owners and forced into slavery. As a slave, he has to fight as a gladiator in an arena for his life. As Maximus becomes more popular he goes to Rome as a gladiator, but he really goes to Rome to meet Commodus where he can avenge his family and overthrow Commodus. It comes down to a final battle, where Maximus kills Commodus, but also dies in doing so. Maximus is an interesting character because he is a fearless leader, and a ferocious fighter. In the first scene, it is showing Maximus leading his army into a fierce battle. He shows no signs of fear what so ever. He and his horse ride into battle with their heads high, almost as if he enjoys war. He is the first soldier into the battle, and goes to work quickly. He enters the battle, swings his sword a couple times, as if it is an everyday job for him, and begins to slay his enemy. The battle scene is cold and brutal; mens limbs are being severed and everywhere one looks people are being gutted like fish. However, Maximus pays no mind to the vicious moment, for he is so caught up in the moment he grabs one of his own s...

Beginners Guide to the Aztec Empire of Central Mexico

Beginners Guide to the Aztec Empire of Central Mexico The Aztec Empire was a group of allied but ethnically different city states who lived in central Mexico and controlled much of central America from the 12th century AD until the Spanish invasion of the 15th century. The main political alliance creating the Aztec empire was called the Triple Alliance, including the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, the Acolhua of Texcoco, and the Tepaneca of Tlacopan; together they dominated most of Mexico between 1430 and 1521 AD. The capital city of the Aztecs was at Tenochtitlan-Tlatlelco, what is today Mexico City, and the extent of their empire covered almost all of what is today Mexico. At the time of Spanish conquest, the capital was a cosmopolitan city, with different ethnic groups from all over Mexico. The state language was Nahuatl and written documentation was kept on bark cloth manuscripts (most of which were destroyed by the Spanish). A high level of stratification in Tenochtitlan included both nobles and commoners. There were frequent ritual human sacrifices, part of the military and ritual activities of the Aztec people, although it is possible and perhaps likely that these were exaggerated by the Spanish clergy. Timeline of the Aztec Culture AD 1110 - Mexica leave their homeland (Aztlan)AD 1110-1325 - Mexica travel throughout what is now Mexico, looking for a place to settleAD 1325 - Mexica settle TenochtitlanAD 1372-1391 - Rule of Acamapichtli, the first king of TenochtitlanAD 1391-1415 - Rule of Huitzilihuitzli; alliance with  Tepanecs AD 1415-1426 - Rule of ChimalpopocaAD 1428-1430 - Tepanec WarAD 1430 -  Triple Alliance  established between Mexica, Tepaneca of the city of Tlacopan, and Acolhua of the city of TexcocoAD 1436-1440 - Rule of ItzcoatlAD 1440-1468 - Rule of Motecuhzoma I (also called Montezuma)AD 1468-1481 - Rule of AxayactlAD 1481-1486 - Rule of TizocAD 1486-1502 - Rule of AhuitzotlAD 1492 -  Columbus lands in Santa Domingo AD 1496 - Columbus second voyageAD 1502-1520 - Rule of  Motecuhzoma II AD 1510 - Tenochtitlan floodsAD 1519 -  Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes lands  on the Yucatan peninsula and begins his assault on AztecsAD 1520 - Rule of CuitahuacAD 1520 - First smallpox epidemic; Cuitahuac diesAD 1520 - Rule of Cuauhtemoc AD 1521 - Tenochtitlan falls to the Spanish A Few Important Facts about the Aztec Empire Population:  In 1519, the population of the Basin of Mexico was estimated at 1 million inhabitants, between 100,000 and 200,000 in the capital city alone Extent:  Thirty-eight provinces were submitting tribute to Tenochtitlan in 1519, according to the  Codex Mendoza State Language:  Nahuatl, a Uto-Aztecan language Life Expectancy:  37 years, due to high  birth rates  and high infant mortality rates Writing:  State documents concerning administrative details such as the amount of tribute paid to the capital city by each province were preserved on colorfully painted bark cloth paper, made by soaking and pounding the inner bark of the fig or mulberry tree. Calendars:  Like the Maya and other American civilizations, the Aztecs had two cycles to their  calendar, one a 365-day solar year and one a 260 ritual year. Combined, they made a 52-year Calendar Round. The Aztecs believed bad things happened at the end of a Calendar Round. Marriage:  Men could take as many wi ves as they could afford. The first wife was principal, but all wives spun thread and wove cloth, both sources of wealth for Aztec families. Ethnographic Data:  The best information we have on the Aztecs today comes from the writings from members of the Spanish colonization force, such as  Bartolome de las Casas  and  Fray Diego Duran. Aztecs Ritual and the Arts Intoxicants:  Pulque, from fermented agave sap;  peyotl  buttons, datura, psilocybin, black nightshade,  tobacco, morning glory seeds,  chocolate  in a drink, sometimes flavored by  chili peppers  and/or  vanilla Lapidary Arts:  Jadeite,  obsidian, chalcedony,  spondylus  shell Metallurgy:  Two bronzes, one of combined copper and tin, and one of copper arsenic; cast bells,  rings,  and tweezers; some gold and silver. Much was imported from west Mesoamerican  mines,  and metalworkers;  craft work in Tenochtitlan  included hammering, filigree and lost wax methods. The Feathered Serpent:  This pan-mesoamerican fantastic creature was called Quetzalcoatl in the Aztec language. Tlachtli Ball Game:  Played with a rubber ball in a masonry court, the ball game called tlachtli was so important to the Aztecs that 16,000 balls were imported from the Maya lowlands into Tenochtitlan annually. Aztecs and Economics Markets and Trade Network:  Cortes reported that he found a  large market system  in place in the Aztec capital city, where 60,000 people came to trade goods. During the Aztec Empire (1325-1520), the distribution of goods was so widespread that many of the materials traded were mass-produced in villages. A  long-distance trade  exchange system was in place throughout the Aztec Empire, with professional traders called  pochteca  carrying goods such as bird feathers, cacao beans and, most importantly, information. Currency:  Gold jewelry, textiles, cacao beans, and beaten copper axes. Cultivated Crops:  Maize, beans, salvia, squash, tomatoes, cactus, cotton, chile, manioc, goosefoot, amaranth,  cacao (chocolate), avocado, agave Domesticated Animals:  Turkey, duck,  dog Agriculture:  The chinampa system of agriculture used by the Aztecs consisted of a raised planting platform built in a shallow swampland and irrigated through a series of dikes. Aztecs and Warfare Weaponry:  Bow and arrow,  atlatl, oak broadswords with obsidian blades, thrusting spears, round shields of fire-hardened cane, quilted cotton armor, and shield and armed canoes. Ritual  Sacrifice:  According to written records by the Spanish, prisoners of war were led to the top of the Great Pyramid in Tenochtitlan and sacrificed by having their hearts cut out. Their bodies were then thrown down the steps of the pyramid, where they were decapitated, dismembered and eaten by Aztec warriors. This may have been exaggerated by Sahagun, but there is no doubt that ritual sacrifice was part of the rituals of Aztec war. Ritual  Bloodletting  Bloodletting, or auto-sacrifice, was a personal ritual performed by Aztec elites. Empire:  The Aztec mode of imperialism was to conquer a new territory, and then put in a leader over the existing system, rather than replace the entire ruling leadership. This unique blend of force and bribery was extremely effective in maintaining a  far -flung empire. Important Archaeological Sites of the Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan  - Capital city of the Mexica, founded in 1325 on a swampy island in the middle of Lake Texcoco; now underneath the city of Mexico city Tlatelolco  - Sister city of Tenochtitlan, known for its huge market. Azcapotzalco  - Capital of the Tepanecs, captured by the Mexica and added to the Aztec hegemony at the end of the Tepanec War Cuauhnahuac  - Modern day Cuernavaca, Morelos. Established by Tlahuica ca AD 1140, captured by Mexica in 1438. Malinalco  - Rock cut temple built ca 1495-1501. Guiengola  - Zapotec city on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca state, allied with the Aztecs by marriage Xaltocan, in Tlaxcala north of Mexico City, founded on a floating island Study Questions Why would the Spanish chroniclers of the Aztecs exaggerate the violence and blood of the Aztecs in their reports back to Spain?What advantages are there to placing a capital city on a marshy island in the middle of a lake?The following English words are derived from the Nahuatl language: avocado, chocolate, and  atlatl. Why do you think these words are the ones we use today?Why do you think the Mexica chose to ally with their neighbors in the Triple Alliance rather than conquering them?What role do you think disease played with the fall of the Aztec empire? Sources on the Aztec Civilization Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster. 2001. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encylopedia. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York.Michael E. Smith. 2004. The  Aztecs. 5th edition. Gareth Stevens. Gary Jennings. Aztec; Aztec Blood and Aztec Autumn. Although these are novels, some archaeologists do use Jennings as a textbook on the Aztecs. John Pohl. 2001. Aztecs and Conquistadores. Osprey Publishing. Charles Phillips. 2005. The Aztec and Maya World. Frances Berdan et al. 1996. Aztec Imperial Strategies. Dumbarton Oaks .

Marketing principles and applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing principles and applications - Essay Example In fact, a consumer can use the appliance even without reading the instructions leaflet. In opposition with other appliances of the same characteristics the particular coffee maker offers to the consumer the impression of being involved in a unique experience: a series of color icons, showing cups of coffee of different size, helps the user to decide the type of coffee preferred. Then, icons showing spoons full of sugar and coffee help the user to decide on the amount of coffee and sugar that should be used for the type of coffee chosen. Finally, an icon with cup of milk is used for showing to the user his potential to choose a cup of coffee with milk. Particular emphasis has been also given to the components of the appliance. High quality materials have been used ensuring that the flavor of the coffee is strong. In the context of the issues discussed above, the appliance chosen fully supports the firm’s mission statement, which focuses on quality, convenience and innovation, as described in the introduction section. 2.   Classify Company G’s products using the three-way consumer product classification system. The three-way Consumer Product Classification system is based on the following rule: products can be classified in three categories according to specific characteristics. Reference is made particularly to ‘convenience, shopping and specialty goods’ (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352). The particular system is quite helpful for the development of effective marketing strategies (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352). However, the system is also related to an important weakness: consumer preferences worldwide are not standardized (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). In fact, differences can be identified in consumer trends even within the same market and in regard to the same product. For example, the performance of a product can be changed within the same market under the impact of severe turbulences in the global market (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). In ge neral convenience products are those that are highly popular, at least more than shopping products which are not necessarily incorporated in consumers’ daily shopping (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Moreover, specialty goods are goods of specific characteristics and, usually, of high price (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Using the above classification system Company G’s products could be classified by referring to three categories: convenience, shopping and specialty goods. It should be noted that the Table refers only to the firm’s small appliances and not to all its products. The consumer factors involved in the classification process are presented in the first column. In the three other columns the relevance of the firm’s products to each product category is analyzed. A rounded rectangle is used for showing the product category to which the firm’s products are nearer; the blue color indicates a high relevance, the green color is used for showing an average releva nce while the red color shows the lack of any relevance. Consumer factor (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352) Convenience products Shopping products Specialty products Time spent on identifying the firm’s products The firm’s products cannot be chosen instantly Thought is required before buying the firm’s products The decision-making process in regard to the purchase of the firm’s products may takes a lot of time Location of the firm’s products The firm’s products are not available in all retail stores The firm’

Perils of Social Networking Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perils of Social Networking - Research Proposal Example The research problem endeavors to ascertain the assorted aspects that make various social networking sites become disadvantageous among miscellaneous societal members, particularly the young (Azriel, 2011). The study will also attempt to look into mitigation measures, in order to alleviate challenges associated with social networking. The justification of this research is to analyze the extent of the negative impacts of social networking among the dissimilar societal members, particularly the youth. The study will also endeavor to mull over various challenges that result from social networking, and thereby propose mitigation measures (Dailey, 2013). These mitigation measures will be applicable a proposal for implementation will be significant. The study aims at critically examines the role of social networking and challenges to societal members, particularly the youth, and the negative impacts that they pose to the people today. The study will critically review the correlation between social networking youth challenges such as crime, drug abuse and dismal performance among schools (Fuchs, 2012). Following the objectives of the study, it will tend to be more qualitative than quantitative. The study will also look into the implemented measures to alleviate such challenges and their suitability. While critically examining the available research on challenges that social networking poses to the youth, these studies prove to be inadequate. For instance, most studies took place before the introduction of the numerous diverse social networking sites that provide a different platform for association (Fuchs, 2012). This results from the fact that the advancement of technology creates various platforms of social networking, thereby posing new challenges. Additionally, numerous researches on the perils of social networking failed to address the issue of mitigation measures and suitable processes of

Consequences of psychologic fixation Essay Example for Free

Consequences of psychologic fixation Essay The first stage of psychosexual development is the oral stage, spanning from birth until the age of two years, where in the infants mouth is the focus of libidinal gratification derived from the pleasure of feeding at the mothers breast, and from the oral exploration of his or her environment, i. e. the tendency to place objects in the mouth. The id dominates, because neither the ego nor the super ego is yet fully developed, and, since the infant has no personality (identity), every action is based upon the pleasure principle. Nonetheless, the infantile ego is forming during the oral stage; two factors contribute to its formation: (i) in developing a body image, he or she is discrete from the external world, e. g. the child understands pain when it is applied to his or her body, thus identifying the physical boundaries between body and environment; (ii) experiencing delayed gratification leads to understanding that specific behaviors satisfy some needs, e. g. crying gratifies certain needs. [5] Anal stage The second stage of psychosexual development is the anal stage, spanning from the age of eighteen months to three years, wherein the infants erogenous zone changes from the mouth (the upper digestive tract) to the anus (the lower digestive tract), while the ego formation continues. Toilet training is the childs key anal-stage experience, occurring at about the age of two years, and results in conflict between the Id (demanding immediate gratification) and the Ego (demanding delayed gratification) in eliminating bodily wastes, and handling related activities (e. g. manipulating excrement, coping with parental demands). The style of parenting influences the resolution of the Id–Ego conflict, which can be either gradual and psychologically uneventful, or which can be sudden andpsychologically traumatic. The ideal resolution of the Id–Ego conflict is in the childs adjusting to moderate parental demands that teach the value and importance of physical cleanliness and environmental order, thus producing a self-controlled adult. Yet, if the parents make immoderate demands of the child, by over-emphasizing toilet training, it might lead to the development of a compulsive personality, a person too concerned with neatness and order. If the child obeys the Id, and the parents yield, he or she might develop a self-indulgent personality characterized by personal slovenliness and environmental disorder. If the parents respond to that, the child must comply, but might develop a weak sense of Self, because it was the parents will, and not the childs ego, who controlled the toilet training. Phallic stage The third stage of psychosexual development is the phallic stage, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the childs genitalia are his or her primary erogenous zone. It is in this third infantile development stage that children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents; they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, and so learn the physical (sexual) differences between male and female and the gender differences between boy and girl. In the phallic stage, Latency stage[ The fourth stage of psychosexual development is the latency stage that spans from the age of six years until puberty, wherein the child consolidates the character habits he or she developed in the three, earlier stages of psychologic and sexual development. Whether or not the child has successfully resolved the Oedipal conflict, the instinctual drives of the id are inaccessible to the Ego, because his or her defense mechanisms repressed them during the phallic stage. Hence, because said drives are latent (hidden) and gratification is delayed — unlike during the preceding oral, anal, and phallic stages — the child must derive the pleasure of gratification from secondary process-thinking that directs the libidinal drives towards external activities, such as schooling, friendships, hobbies, etc. Anyneuroses established during the fourth, latent stage, of psychosexual development might derive from the inadequate resolution either of the Oedipus conflict or of the Egos failure to direct his or her energies towards socially acceptable activities. Genital stage The fifth stage of psychosexual development is the genital stage that spans puberty and adult life, and thus occupies most of the life of a man and of a woman; its purpose is the psychologic detachment and independence from the parents. The genital stage affords the person the ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining psychosexual childhood conflicts. As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is centered upon the genitalia, but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile. The psychological difference between the phallic and genital stages is that the ego is established in the latter; the persons concern shifts from primary-drive gratification (instinct) to applying secondary process-thinking to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, a love relationship, family and adult responsibilities.

The Existential Theme of London’s To Build A Fire Essay -- Build Fire

The Existential Theme of London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack London’s short story, â€Å"To Build a Fire,† is the tragic tale of a man who decides to travel alone through the hostile environment of the Yukon in sub-freeing temperatures and falls victim to the unrelenting and unforgiving power of nature. During his journey, the man gets his feet wet as he falls through the ice into the water of a hot spring (London 122). Because of the severity of the cold, some â€Å"one hundred and seven degrees below [the] freezing point,† the man’s life depends upon his ability to promptly light a fire to keep his feet from freezing (122-23). After one, half-successful fire-starting endeavor, and several other pitiful attempts, the hopelessness of the man’s lone struggle against the hostile environment of the Yukon begins to become apparent. After a lengthy episode of panic in which the man tries desperately to return the feeling to his extremities by â€Å"running around like a chicken with its head cut off† (128), the man at last â€Å"grows calm and decides to meet death with dignity . . .† (Labor 66). The story’s central theme is one portrayed by many existentialist writers—that man lives a solitary existence which is subject to the relentless, unforgiving forces of nature; an ever so subtle part of this theme is that it is man’s goal to find meaning in his existence. The word existentialist, as well as the subject of existentialism itself, evades definition. Davis McElroy points out this problem by comparing the act of defining existentialism to the act of trying â€Å"to explain human existence in a single sentence . . .† (xi). For the sake of brevity, perhaps a short, simple definition would be best; according to the American Heritage Dictionar... ...s artful placement of irony within the story. Works Cited â€Å"Existentialism.† The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed. New York: Dell, 1994. Hendricks, King. Jack London: Master Craftsman of the Short Story. Logan: Utah State U P,   Ã‚  Ã‚   1966. Rpt. In Jack London: Essays in Criticism. Ed. Ray Wilson Ownbey. Santa Barbara:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Peregrine, 1978. 13-30. Labor, Earle. Jack London. New York: Twayne, 1974. London, Jack. â€Å"To Build a Fire.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama.   Ã‚  Ã‚   6th ed. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 118-29. McElroy, Davis Dunbar. Existentialism and Modern Literature. Westport: Greenwood, 1968. Perry, John. Jack London: An American Myth. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1981. Walcutt, Charles Child. Jack London. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1966.         

Qutans Case Study Essay

Qantas is an Australian icon. Australia’s national airline has enjoyed a long history as a profitable business, a respected brand name and has a deserved reputation for safe and reliable travel. For a small country of 23 million people, the Australian domestic airline industry is significant. The high level of urbanization of Australia’s population, the long distances between major urban centres, the lack of high speed trains and the importance of Australia’s tourism industry all spurred growth in air travel in Australia. Qantas has always been the dominant player in the industry. In the years prior to 1990, Qantas operated within a duopolistic industry with Ansett Airlines. After 1990, a variety of short lived challengers entered the Australian market, but none until Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia) survived. A few days after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Ansett also went bankrupt, leaving Qantas the dominant Australian airline largely untroubled by a much smaller Virgin Blue and a number of insignificant competitors. The years after 2001 were relatively good for Qantas. Its dominance of local airports and landing ‘slots’ made it difficult for Virgin and new entrants to assail its dominant position. For example, when Tiger Airways sought to fly to and from Melbourne, it was required to use a converted shed at Tullamarine Airport as its base. Qantas’ profits between 2001 and 2008 were good. Unlike most of the world’s airlines, Qantas made substantial profits in the years after the 2001 attacks. This was largely because of its dominance of the lucrative Australian domestic market, and most especially its effectively monopoly on domestic business class travel within Australia. In recent years, however, the company has encountered turbulent times. Like all airlines, the global financial crisis of 2008 severely dented demand for Qantas travel, especially leisure travel. The stubbornly high value of the Australian dollar also made Australia a relatively less place to travel for international tourists and students. The airline industry in Australia has become significantly more competitive. After the collapse of Ansett, Virgin Blue had around 10% of the Australian domestic market, while in 2013 in exceeded 30%. Importantly, Virgin has introduced its own business class services domestically while also reducing their fares in this segment. The international airline industry has seen the fall of a number of well-known airlines and the rise of a number of new carriers. The vision of the Qantas group is to be one of Australia’s great businesses and among the world’s great airline groups. However, in the 2012/13 environment, Qantas faced a number of setbacks to this vision. In 2013 Qantas is struggling on two fronts. The first front was the declining profitability of international operations. This problem culminated with Qantas reporting a $257 million dollar loss for the year ending on 30th June, 2012. This was the first loss for the airline since it was fully privatized in 1995. Internationally, Qantas faced tough challenges. New entrants on the Pacific route to the US and the ‘Kangaroo Route’ to Europe constrained fares. The entrance of highly subisidised middle-Eastern carriers like Emirates, Ethihad and Gulf Air also placed pressure on the profit margins on European routes. The emergence of low cost carriers in Asia (like, for example, Air Asia) also brought new capacity to Australia and lowered the market price of economy flights to cities like Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The airline is, however, profitable in the domestic market, maintaining a 65% market share and keeping its commanding lead over Virgin Australian in the highly profitable domestic business class market. The most profitable activity for Qantas is flying business class passengers. Flying economy between Sydney and Melbourne, for example, can often be less than $100 return. A business class, return flight on this route costs more than $1300 on Qantas. Domestic business class travel thus has very high profit margins, and these premium travelers generally don’t pay for their tickets (this being a perk of senior managerial jobs in many organisations). Qantas has been keen to develop loyalty among this group, investing extensively in lounges and loyalty programs to keep this key customer group content. In an ominous way, John Borghetti (the Virgin Australia CEO, and former Qantas executive) signaled a strong intention to pursue Qantas’ customers in this key segment in 2012 and launched a full-service, business class offering at a 25% discount to Qantas on key routes. Qantas explained the 2011/12 loss in the context of record high fuel costs of $4. 3 billion for the 2011/12 financial year. The airline’s fuel bill was $645 million greater than the previous financial year. In the annual report, the airline also announced a one-off cost of $398 million for a turnaround plan for the airline’s international network. The high Australian dollar and global economic uncertainty also played a role in the airlines woes. Qantas had been a key purchaser of new aircraft from the major manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus, being one of the first customers for Airbus’ A380 and Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner. As one of the few profitable airlines post September 11, 2001, Qantas was able to build its fleet while negotiating strong discounts on new planes. These purchases had improved Qantas’ fleet efficiency and image in the marketplace, but had also driven an escalation in the company’s fixed costs. The second front where Qantas was struggling was continuing industrial action that culminated in the airline locking out some employees and then grounding the entire Qantas fleet on 29 October 2011. Qantas has traditionally been highly unionized – especially in comparison to its new competitors like Virgin Australia and Tiger Airways. Qantas locked out engineers, pilots and baggage handlers from their place of employment. Aircraft were immediately grounded when the lockout announcement was made, and passengers who on board aircraft were ordered to disembark. Some aircraft turned around while they were taxiing for take-off, however aircraft in the air continued on to their destination and were then grounded. This specific industrial action stemmed from difficulties with negotiations commencing in 2010 on a new enterprise bargaining agreement, however the relationship between Qantas and its unions had been troubled for many years. The aircraft grounding ended on the 31st of October when Fair Work Australia ordered the cessation of all industrial action taken by Qantas and the relevant trade unions. A number of issues prompted the industrial action, including the airline’s plans to establish Jetstar Japan, a low-cost subsidiary based in Tokyo. The airline also announced plans to establish Jetstar Hong Kong in partnership with China Eastern Airlines. When announcing Jetstar Japan, the airline also announced the loss of 1000 positions, and so the strategic moves were linked to job losses in Australia. This announcement influenced employees in deciding to take the industrial action that led to the employee lockout. The airline justified its move to establish new bases in Asia as part of its strategy to become more competitive internationally. The strategic moves followed earlier, successful initiatives in establishing Jetstar Asia based in Singapore and Jetstar Pacific Airlines based in Vietnam. In 2012, Qantas has a minority shareholding in both of these airlines. The damage to the Qantas brand by the airline lockout and subsequent grounding of the fleet is difficult to ully quantify. Understandably, there was widespread anger amongst passengers, despite the airline offering refunds and reimbursement for additional passenger accommodation costs. In their annual report for 2011/ 2012, Qantas states that the grounding and industrial action cost the airline $194 million. The impact on staff morale is difficult to quantify. During the period 2011/12 in the industry environment, Qantas faced challenging competition from foreign government backed airlines and the rise of successful middle eastern airlines such as Emirates. The airline industry can also be characterized as a battle of rival world hubs, with Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries vying for supremacy in the East Asian region. The hub battle, however, is one that Australia cannot win on home soil as it is ‘at the end of the line’ in terms of airline route geography. In recent years the industry has also been characterized by the rise of the low cost carriers such as Air Asia and RyanAir. The Australian domestic market, however, has been relatively positive for the airline, with Australia’s economic strength and the growth of the resources sector in the country providing a solid revenue base. The airline is also positioned in the high growth region of Asia, and the related opportunities for the company in this region are numerous. In countering these environmental challenges, Qantas has successfully developed a multi-brand model of operations. The model operates with the Qantas premium brand is the flagship, QantasLink for regional operations, Qantas freight (for freight) and Jetstar as the low cost carrier. In addition, Qantas has a relatively effective frequent flyer program and a relatively dominant domestic market position with corporate clients and business travelers. The company’s codeshare arrangement with airlines in the Oneworld alliance has helped it to overcome the limitations of Australia’s geographical position. On the 6th of September 2012, Qantas announced a new major deal linking its international operations with Emirates and moving away from their previous arrangements with British Airways. This 10-year deal provides Qantas with better access to Europe and Africa, and moves some flights away from Singapore as a stop-over hub for flights to Europe. Dubai would be the new hub for Europe. However Qantas flights to Asia are expected to increase as the move will allow Qantas to focus on Asian airports as destinations rather than as stop-overs. Basically the deal will reduce travel times for passengers on many flights and provide more one-stop destinations for Qantas. It remains to be seen, however, if these initiatives can help to repair the apparent damage to the Qantas brand following the fleet grounding in 2011. In theory, the potential operational efficiencies from the deal should help Qantas to return its international operations towards profitability; however the move comes at a time when there is a degree of political instability in many of the countries near to Dubai. Whatever the outcome, the flying kangaroo of Qantas is likely to continue to retain its dominant position in the Australian aviation market, regardless of the performance of the international division.

Pastrol Cycle Essay

The incident that I am going to be talking about, involves a year 10 female pupil. This member of the youth was always willing to participate in activities, willing to help at the end of the sessions or events that were being organised. Unfortunately, this member always wanted something far greater. An achievement that she could say I did that! I poured my heart into that! Over the next few weeks, I began to see a change in this member. I felt like she was giving up on helping us as thou she did not see the point no more and could not see things progressing. Her attitude towards other people also seems to change as thou she was jealous of other people who were helping out, or other people who were getting bigger jobs in the youth. Thou she never asked or came forward asking for a bigger part (confidence?) I did not know what to do with youth, I knew she wanted more and I could see that but did not know what path to take. I decided to talk with other leaders and they mentioned about the next youth camp coming up later in the year. Thou it sounded like a great idea I was concerned she was not ready or confident enough in her self to take up such a huge challenge, because she was new to the club. However, am I then putting my own fear in front of her ambition? Was I then going to put a halt on something so life changing? As a leader of the youth club, I knew it was in within my power to change something and act upon it. I decide to confront my own personal worries and pluck up the courage to talk to her guardian, I mentioned about the camping trip that the youth club was participating in, and some youth members there was an option to join in the service crew. I went to mention some of the roles that they could undertake and what was involved in being a service crewmember. At first, this guardian was concerned and unsure about sending their daughter to do something far greater than helping at the youth club, but slowly came to the understand that this could be the break and confidence boast that they needed. With her willingness to send her daughter to camp to be a member of the service crew, I decided to get to know this individual more and at the club. I would sit between her and her fellow friends and chat and listen to see what hobbies they enjoyed, activities in the club and what they wanted in life, there goals, but this member was also shy or scared of opening up to me. Over many weeks and recent talks, she became more confining in me. She was able to talk and share feeling about what she wanted to do in life. From this, I could see that there was great potential for this youth to gain a wider aspect in life’s achievements. It reminded me of me when I was growing up in a youth club, how I was shy and sacred of new things. How I felt alone and nobody understood me. How I felt that I was being ignore for being good or helpful. From my pass experience of my own life in a youth setting, I decided to draw on the willingness of her kindness and slowly over time got this member to open up more; I gave her an opportunity of being a my personal helper in the club. So that later on in life she could later work her way up if she so choose to and become a trainee leader. Sometimes it felt wrong for me to picking on a just one member but never did I feel like the youth were against me. I felt like they understood the situation and I also began seeing changes in the circle of youth I was interested in, they were also showing a willingness to lead a helping hand. It was like the first stepping-stone. Not only was I was helping one member of youth but her circle to. I decide to look up self-confidence in the bible for this member of the youth and maybe for my self as well. I found a passage that goes on to say: There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear; for fear has to do with punishment, and whoever fears has not reached perfection in love (NRSV 1John 4:18) This passage begins to answer the question on how much God loves us and believing in him is so important. Fear and worry signal that we are not yet perfect in our belief in how much God loves us. If we believe that the God of infinite power and wisdom loves no one in the universe more than us, what do we have to fear or worry about? We believe in how much He loves us, and then we know the trial is for our own good. Because of His love, we should know that a trial is not just an arbitrary act without rhyme or reason. Because He is God, it cannot be an accidental circumstance happening without His awareness or concern. From reading this passage I felt that this member needed a little pushing, I started to understand that fear should not stop no one in gaining something so huge in life. So I decided to mention about the service crew team at the campsite. I was waiting to hear silence or the answer of I will think about it, but instead I got a strong yes! There was no umm or r-ing it was as if they had gained so much confidence and needed something more. I felt a sense of achievement that I had changed, accepted, and understood this member. I am glad that I did not over look this person and gave up my own time to help them. I am glad that I listened to the other leaders and looked to the bible for inspiration. Looking back and reflecting on the way that I acted to this situation, I would say that there were grey areas. For example, I decided to talk with the guardian first maybe that was not the correct way or best way of things. I think I should have just gone straight to individual form day one and started a conversation to try to understand there difficulties and reasoning behind events. The reason for my thinking is because I am a youth leader and my job is there to get to know and understand individual needs. Thou granted this was my first time of acting on something, something I thought needed action and doing about but still I did play the safe card. Thou on another hand I am extremely happy that I achieved this person particular goal and changed them so great that even other leaders and parents congratulated me. That this person is now so confident they do believe that fear is no object that fear is just a simple word. However, it was just not one person I changed. Her circle of friends also changed and that was because I stepped into that friendship circle, and I now know and understand more than one person. I feel like I have personally changed to, because I would say for me it was a learning curve, and probably I grew in confidences to. Why, because I showed my self that I can do things for my self and others. Those other leaders do not have to do my work for me. From this experience, I decided to act more upon events in the club that if something did not feel or seems right I would investigate more into. From this I also feel that I have helped changed other members of the club and hopefully one day they will do the same for others. My goal is that one day the youths that I helped will help other in similar situations, and I happy to conclude that this member I mentioned about it now a trainee leader of our youth club, so now she can share her own experiences with other members of the club.

Critically review Essays

Critically review Essays Critically review Essay Critically review Essay Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo and provide recommendations to the Board on the strengths and weaknesses of it approach to managing human resourceso Due Date: 20 sept 2013 There are a number of factors that may contribute and affect the success of an organization. It is the money (capital), materials and machinery but it also refers to the people and their knowledge and skills that make the actual difference. Human Resource Management refers to the organizational function that deals directly with employment relationship, (the relationship between the organization and the employee); it covers establishing (recruitment and selection of stafO, maintaining (ongoing training, career development and motivation) and terminating (retirement, resignation, dismissal, redundancy and retrenchment) an individual or group of employees (Barrile Cameron, 2010). This essay will explore the strength and weakness of different styles of managing human resource in an organization, articularly with the case of RestaurantCo, providing possible feedback and recommendations to the Board. RestaurantCo is a restaurant developed from a small family owned business in the 1960s and have experienced a period of rapid growth during the 1990s and have turned Trom Trancnlsea operatlons to a prlvate owned Dranoea cnaln large non- unionsied restaurant. Tthroughout these years, the organization experienced organizational change and in order to manage the change, RestaurantCo need to anage its human resources effectively and efficiently. (Suter,Je Marchington,M. 2012). There are two main arguments about managing human resources in most organizations, which are either to be centralised or decentralised. Centralisation is described as the location of decision-making power (Barrile Cameron, 2010 pp264). A centralised organization will reserve decision-making power in the sequence from top to down (Top management usually CEO of the organization to lower management usually front-line managers or supervisors).

The Best Way to Study for the ACT 4 Expert Tips

The Best Way to Study for the ACT 4 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you just starting your ACT prep and wondering how to tackle the daunting task of readying yourself for the ACT? Have you been studying for the ACT but not getting your desired results? Do you just want to confirm that you're on the right track? In this article, I'll help you find the best way to study for the ACT by explainingall of your study options and letting you know how to figure out which ones to use. I'll also give you essential ACT study tips that are guaranteed to help you reach your target score. What's the Best Way to Study for the ACT? The truth is,there’s no single best way to study for the ACT. Rather,there are several options you can use, such as self-study, a tutor, a prep class, an online program, or any combination of these. The option you should choose ultimately depends on your resources and what you need. Regardless of which study method you go with, your ACT studying should include strategies that are essential for optimal ACT preparation. I’ll explain the different strategies you can use, and then discuss how to find the right way to study for you. 4Key ACTStudy Strategies Although there's no one-size-fits-all, perfect ACT study plan, there are four strategies that are vital for everyone preparing for the test. So what are these strategies? Let's take a look. #1: Determine Your ACT Target Score Before you begin your studying, you should determine the score you’re aiming for on the ACT. Having a target score will give you motivation and inform your studying. To figure outyour ACT target score, look up the 75th percentile ACT scores for the schools you’re applying to. (You don’t need to include your safety schools- just the ones you’re most interested in attending.)You can find this info by searching for "[School Name] PrepScholar ACT" on Google. Use the link to the PrepScholar page for your school to see what its 75th percentile ACT score is. Then, repeat this process for each school you plan to apply to. Below is an example of the PrepScholar page for the University of Nevada, Reno. Here, you can see the school's average ACT score as well as its 25th and 75th percentile ACT scores: Your ACT target score will be the highest 75th percentile score you find for your schools.Why is this an ideal score to aim for? If you get an ACT score that's equal to or above the 75th percentile score for a given college, you’ll have a great chance of getting accepted since you'll have received a higher ACT score than what 75% of admitted applicants got. Know what score you're aiming for. #2: Figure Out How Long You’re Going to Need to Study You can get a rough idea of how long you’ll need to study for the ACT by calculating the difference between your target score and your baseline score. To determine your baseline score, use the score from your last ACT. If you haven’t taken the ACT yet, take an official practice test. Be sure to simulate real testing conditions as you take it (i.e., find a quiet room and abide by official time limits). Here’s an estimated breakdown of point improvement per number of ACT study hours: 0-1 point improvement: 10 hours 1-2 point improvement: 20 hours 2-4 point improvement: 40 hours 4-6 point improvement: 80 hours 6-9 point improvement: 150 hours+ Say your ACT goal score is 30 and your baseline score is 25. This means you'll need to improve by 5 points in order to hit your target score. According to our estimates, 5 points equals about 40 hours of prep. Once you know how long you need to study, you can make a plan to help you put in enough study hours and reach your ACT target score.For example, if you need to study about 80 hours to reach your goal and you're planning on taking the ACT in eight weeks, you'll need to schedule at least 10 hours of study time per week. #3: Analyze Your Mistakes and Focus On Your Weaknesses It’s not enough to just put in study time; you need to study effectively. You’ll make the best use of your ACT study time by figuring out why you’re missing questions and focusing on improving your weaknesses. There are three major areas you might need to improve: content, time, and strategy. Content The ACT tests you on a number of skills related to reading, writing, and math. By determining the specific types of questions you’re getting wrong, you can identify the topics you need to learn better. For example, on the Writing section, maybe you’re struggling with pronoun agreement questions. On the Math section, perhaps you keep missing coordinate geometry questions. As soon as you know which topics are most challenging you, you can thenuse your study time to understand them better and do more practice questions to improve your weaknesses. Time The ACT is a strictly timed test, so even if you’re comfortable with the content, you might struggle to finish each section in time. If you're somebody who often rushes (i.e., you finish a section more than five minutes early and make careless mistakes) or you're somebody who struggles to complete a section in the allotted time, you’ll need to work on your time management. If you're running out of time, try to pay more attention to your time spent per question in your practice. Here's an overview of (roughly) how much time you have per question on the ACT: Section Total Time # of Questions Time per Question English 45 minutes 75 36 seconds Math 60 minutes 60 60 seconds Reading 35 minutes 40 52.5 seconds Science 35 minutes 40 52.5 seconds You might also need to improve your content knowledge or use differenttest-taking strategies depending on why you're having trouble finishing in time. Strategy The ACT is known for having questions that can be confusing or misleading. If you struggle to understand what a question is asking or often succumb to common ACT tricks, you’ll benefit by improving your knowledge of ACT strategy. For example, if you comprehend the content on the ACT Science section but are spending way too much time trying to figure out the conflicting viewpoints questions, you should spend more time learning how to decode these questions more efficiently. Or say you're missing ACT Reading questions because you're not reading the passages effectively. That's another sign that you need to improve your ACT strategy. More generally, if you can grasp the content being tested but are having issues understanding or approaching the questions, this is a clear sign that you should change your test-taking strategy. #4: Use Real or Realistic ACT Practice Questions Undoubtedly, the best questions to use are those that most closely resemble the questions on the ACT.A huge flaw of many ACT prep books is that their practice questions aren’t similar to you’d see on the actual ACT; they’re either too difficult or presented in a way that differs from the usual ACT question format. It won't help your ACT score much to focus on questions that aren’t like those you’ll encounter on the ACT.Therefore, be sure to useofficial ACT practice tests in your studying. Also, the official ACT website offers additional practice questions you can access for free. Furthermore, you can get more official questions by buying The Official ACT Prep Guideand/or ACT, Inc.'s online ACT prep program(which is mainly worth it for the extra full-length practice test). How Should You Study for the ACT? 4 Options Now that you know the strategies you should use to study for the ACT, let's go through the various options for ACT studying to help you determine which one will be the best for you. Option 1: Self-Study It’s possible to reach your ACT target score by studying on your own. While some test takers prefer to study independently, others might have to if they don’t have the resources to pursue other prep options. Ultimately, effective self-study for the ACT requires you to be extremely disciplined, organized, and motivated. You should set a definitive study plan and stick to it as closely as possible. Other than real practice tests and any prep books you use, I highly recommend using the articles on this blog to help guide your studying. We've written content and strategy articles for English, Math, Reading, Science, and Writing. Option 2: Private Tutor A private tutor may be a good option for you if you’re looking for customized instruction or you need more help learning the material that’s tested on the ACT.Meeting with a tutor can also help you stay on track if you need a little extra push for motivation. Keep in mind that tutors can be expensive and often vary greatly in terms of their knowledge and effectiveness. Before hiring a tutor, learn what ACT tutors do and how much they cost. Equip yourself with the knowledge to decide if you should work with a tutor or on your own. Monrovia Public Library/Flickr Option 3: In-Person ACT Prep Class In-person prep classes have a set curriculum, and, like tutoring, they’re a good option to help you stick to your ACT study plan. A prep class can be a great idea for you if you want to learn test strategies and increase your overall familiarity with the ACT. The best classes will provide you with a solid foundation to help you study more effectively on your own.In addition, some students learn better in a traditional classroom setting and enjoy being able to socially interact with their peers. Prep classes do have some significant drawbacks, though. In my opinion, the biggest disadvantage of a prep class is that it's not customized to your individual needs.There will be students of varying skill levels, and much of the content of the class might feel like review. Some of the content might be too challenging as well if you've never been exposed to the material before. Depending on the length of the course, you might not have enough time to thoroughly cover all the material on the ACT. Finally, ACT classes can be expensive- many prep classes cost more than $1,000. Option 4: Online ACT Prep Course Online ACT prep courses can be a great option for students who want some structure and the freedom to work independently.The biggest advantages of a good online prep course are that you’ll get an effective study plan along with thorough content instruction. The course will also be customized to your particular skill level. I might be biased, but our PrepScholar ACT program is an exceptional online ACT prep course. It focuseson improving your weaknesses, and all the practice test questions were written by ACT experts who scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. Like all the other options, however, online prep courses do have their disadvantages. You need to have the self-motivation to push yourself to put in the necessary hours. In other words, you won’t have the encouragement of a teacher or tutor to help you stay focused. Aquality tutor can keep you engaged with material you might not find overly exciting, while a prep course might not be able to do the same. How to Decide the Best ACT Study Method for You Finally, let's take a look at the four key questions to askyourself as you determine the best way to study for the ACT. #1: How Much Money Are You Willing to Spend on ACT Prep? While I think spending money on ACT prep can be a worthy investment, some students simply can’t afford an ACT tutor or prep course. If you want to take a prep course but can’t afford one, consult your school counselor or look online to see whether there are any free prep courses available in your area. #2: How Do You Learn Best? Personally, I’ve always preferred studying independently. In school, I learned better when I was alone reading from a textbook than when I was in class listening to my teacher. So ask yourself: which ACT study option will work best for yourlearning style? Keep in mind that you can alwayscombine study options.For example, you could primarily self-study and then hire a tutor for a couple of hours to help you understand a puzzling concept. Or you could take an in-person ACT course to learn fundamental test strategies and then enroll in an online course for further content instruction. #3: How Likely Will You Be Able to Stick to a Study Plan? Self-studying and online courses work best for the most disciplined and determined students who are able to stay on task without the help of an instructor. However, even if you take a class or hire a tutor, you need to be motivated enough to do the necessary work to reach your target score. #4: How Much Help Will You Need? If you're only 1 point away from your target ACT score, you might be able to reach your goal with a couple of weekends of self-studying or a short in-person prep course. However, if you need to raise your score by 7 points and you’re struggling to understand important test concepts, you'd probably benefit from more intensive instruction, either from a tutor, online prep course, or multi-week class. Regardless of how you decide to study for the ACT, you can get your desired results, as long as you improve your weaknesses, analyze your mistakes, and use real/realistic practice problems. What's Next? Is time running out for your ACT prep?Get tips on how to study for the ACT in a month, and find out how to properly cram for the ACTif you've got just 10 days before the test. Are you using real ACT practice tests to study but not improving by as much as you'd like? Maybe you need to learn what to avoid when you're taking practice tests. Do you already have a high ACT score? Figure out how to improve even more. Who knows- you might even be able to get a perfect 36! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Thoughts of seven wonders of Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thoughts of seven wonders of Egypt - Essay Example The two main influences of architecture are the sphinx and the great pyramid, since the two artifacts have been in existence for a long period of time. After an analysis of ancient Egyptian culture, I would say that the world has a lot to learn from the work and life of the ancient Egyptians. The first thing that is learnt is the importance of religion and the significance of religious aspects to world history. For example, it is evident that most of Egypt’s artifacts and important architecture have some religious significance or other, therefore, the importance of religion in confirming opinion is noted. The other learning point from the ancient Egyptian studies is the importance of literary thinking and record-keeping. The libraries that were used by the ancient scholars are still accessible, indicating that the Egyptians thought to document all aspects of their civilization. In my opinion, ancient Egyptian civilization was the single most important facet of worldly development and

There should be restrictions on SNAP (foodstamps) benefits Essay

There should be restrictions on SNAP (foodstamps) benefits - Essay Example This important aspect of development serves a large population of the United States, who are in dire need. However, while some people are in support of the program for its usefulness, I feel that the benefits should be limited. A number of people enrolling for the program do not need it, which surges the national expenditure. This creates a proportional surge in taxes to cater for the program, which is a burden to other taxpayers. To begin with, some people feel that the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program is not of great help to the low-income people. For example, traditionally, there are three basic needs in a human life. These include food, clothing, and shelter. Apparently, people consider education as a basic need for human living. Consequentially, the government only provides foodstuff in the SNAP program, whereas it should also be providing other basic needs like education. Therefore, the government should be considerate to the low-income families, since they do not have the sufficient resources for the stated basic needs. Owing to this, the government should initiate another approach, where the situation can be corrected in the shortest time possible. It is stated that the life expectancy rate and standards of life improve when people have access to quality education, high quality healthcare and a low cost of living. Apparently, giving the low-income families SNAP is not enhancing their entire life as it is only solving part of their problems. As such, many of the low-income families do not afford education for their children. This leads to low literacy rates in the low-income families, which in turn leads to a large disparity between the rich and the poor people in the society. Therefore, the program is not of much help to the low-income families, especially when looking at the other basic needs. On the contrary, Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program caters for

Being A Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Being A Leader - Assignment Example The most important aspect of leadership in education, in my opinion, is to make sure that those employees that are supervised are comfortable with the leadership style and area able to work within it. My Approach to Leadership I believe that my approach to leadership comes closest to participatory because I want employees to have a say in the decision making process as well as to have an interest in what we are doing. In primary school as in any other aspect of education, teachers must have a way to express themselves and to make sure that they are doing what is necessary to help students progress in their studies. I enjoy having teams at work that can come together to share knowledge as well as to design activities so that we are all doing similar things in the classroom. Although we have guidelines that we must meet, we can still help students have fun with the curriculum and we can teach in a way that encourages inclusion rather than exclusion. Kahai, Sosik and Avolio (2006) sugge st that participative leaders are able to steer their employees towards positive growth and to strive for solving problems instead of creating more problems. Employees understand that they are part of the solution and feel they do not have to carry out the problem on their own. When employees know that they are supported in their opinions, whether they are positive or negative, they are more open to finding solutions, because they are able to have their opinions heard. Kahai, Sosick and Avolio also state that the organizational climate will be more positive because problem solving methods allow a basis for employees to feel that their â€Å"higher order needs† are met (p. 126) and they will meet the requirements of the task because they feel valued. The Organization’s Values James and Connelly (2009) suggest that an organization’s culture is difficult to describe and to predict. They state that an organization’s culture will consist of a variety of  "beliefs, symbols, values and assumptions† (391) and it will be dependent on what the individual organization believes is important to run the organization. In a primary school, the organizational climate is as good as the principle that sets the stage for what is needed in their school. In the public school where I work, the organizational climate is one of very positive reinforcement from the principal. The principal sets the leadership for the school and our principal encourages staff to come to them with problems and with other ideas for the school. As a leader within that structure, it is up to me to make sure that I keep in mind what the principal wants and to assist the teachers that I work with in my team to do what is required of us as a team. I believe that my school has strong values and that we put the needs of the students first. I see that there are a variety of ethical considerations that many people within the school have that are important to discuss. Many of the initiatives that our school has come from the National Challenge. This challenge states that by this year, 2011, at least 30% of children should be able to â€Å"gain five or more GCSEs A*-C, including both English and mathematics† (Storey, 2011). In order for students to do this, they must have effective leadership in the classroom as well as in the school. The primary school will begin the focus of the national challenge because students must have the skills they need by the time the move to secondary school.

Examining Cross Cultural Communication In Organizations Cultural Studies Essay

Examining Cross Cultural Communication In Organizations Cultural Studies Essay Cross-cultural communication also referred to as intercultural communication which is a subset of organizational communication, and comprises verbal and non-verbal communication. This in turn involves transfers of information and knowledge between individuals in the organization with significantly different people in different languages and from different cultures. We define cross-cultural communication as a subject which focuses on the communicative activities of people from different cultural background and the essence and rules of the communicative activities (Jia, 1997, 563). Many cultures have their own etiquette when communicating. Communication can only be succeeded if messages are appropriately delivered and received. Especially in cross-cultural communication, two-sides of peoples are from two different countries with different culture, custom, thoughts and languages. This would make a successful communication more difficult to be reached. Miscommunication may lead to conflict, or more serious conflict that already exists. Therefore, it is important to explore the problems of cross-cultural communication, and the problems of deducing those rules of communicative appropriateness that are applied in the other culture. Furthermore, much discussion has focused on differences international negotiating styles. However, there is little attention to examine how and what degree language plays a significant role in a cross-cultural communication. Unfortunately, some monolingual experts believe that any languages can be completely transferred into another language. According Geoff Hart, 2007: Effective and good communication is very important to all organization. In todays business environment, in order to communicate with the outside world, it is essential to have successful communication skills in workplace. Cross-cultural communication in the workplace compounds certain problems. There is lack of interaction in the field of communication among individuals in the organization with significantly different ethnographic profiles. In addition, words imply different meaning in different languages. Much cross-cultural communication in workplace and worker within limited English speaking abilities and their cultural differences leads to misunderstanding and tension at the workplaces. Thus, business is taken very seriously in many cultures that often show up in the workplace. Misunderstandings and miscommunication can cause and enhance conflict in workplace. Within cross-cultural communication, our seemingly normal approaches to meaning-making and communication will never be clear enough that we can see them for what they are which is a set of lenses that shape what we see, hear, say understand, and interpret. Culture is linked to communication and a wide range of human experience including feelings, identity, and meaning-making. Communication is the vehicle by which meanings are conveyed and feelings are expressed. Both conflict and harmony are possible outcomes of any interaction as we communicate using different cultural habits between workers. According Charlotte-Mecklenburg Development Board (WDB), 2002: Cultural barriers between different cultures often cause much frustration, annoyance, and lead to problems that erode efficiency and effective in daily life. The biggest barriers to cross-cultural communication refer to language difficulties. Cultural barriers and language cannot be divided. This is because language carries the information of language and culture. Every kind of language is created and developed in a certain historical circumstance of society. Therefore, Language reflects the feature of nation. It contains not only the historical cultural background of this nation, but also the view of life, the way of life and the way of thought of this nation (Xiao, 1997:159). Some problem increase which are barriers caused by semantics, barriers caused by word connotations, barriers caused by tone differences and barriers caused by differences between perceptions. Barriers caused by semantics word meaning. As weve noted previously, words mean different things to different people. This is particularly true for people from different national cultures. Some words cannot translate and imply to English and special meaning to different people from different cultures. It is reflects the differences of culture most extensively. For example, to conduct business in Korea, you must understand the concept of Kibun, which does not translate into English. Its meaning is something similar to inner feelings or mood: people must communicate in a manner to enhance one anothers Kibun or risk creating an enemy and destroying the relationship (Mary Munter, 1993). Barriers caused by word connotations or implication of words. On the other hand, the meaning extent of a word and the connotation of future are not complete equivalent between different cultures. Negotiations between English and Japanese executive, for instance, are made more difficult because the Japanese word iie translates as no, but its connotation may be no, Im not studying, rather than No, I disagree. Barriers caused by tone differences or the mood or feeling your words convey. The tone changes depending expression of slang, feelings, emotions and thought. Slang may lead barriers to communication. For example, a conversation demonstrative between A and B dealing with slang. A: Will you really join? B: You kill me. It is very confuse for different people to understand the conversation because the sentence of B is slang. It means (If I wont join,) you kill me. The sentence of A is more polite while the sentence of B is more offhand. In some cultures tone is usually more formal, whereas in others it is more informal; in some it is more polite, in others more offhand; in some more impersonal, in others more personal; in some more dry, in others more colorful ( Mary Munter, 1993). Barriers caused by differences between perceptions. People who speak different languages from different cultures look into the world in different ways. Every country perceive different perceptions. PROBLEM THAT FACED IN CULTURES CONTEXT Any communication relies on the context in which it takes place, (Victor, 1992, 137). Some cultures rely on the context of communication much more than others. Contexting refers to the circumstances surrounding the exchange. To make an effective and successful communication, every people have to consider the cultural differences and the preeminent communication process in individualistic. Cultures context refers to high context and low text communication. High context refers to societies or groups where people have close connections over a long period of time while low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. High contexts cannot carry the context information internally and hard to enter if as an outsider. Instead, low contexts are easy to enter if as an outsider because the environment contains the information and form relationships. The exchange of information between workers from high-context and low-context has to work together in cultural context occur the problems. These problems can be categorized as differences in direction, quantity and quality. High-context cultures like China adapt to their close friends, relatives and also to colleagues or in-group members at differences in direction employees. They communication with them mightily and exchange specific information regarding many different talks and topics. In comparison, like Germany, their direction of communication is orientated on personal characters and referred to situations as direction difference. They mostly communicate within their out-groups in a broad and dispersedly way as quantity difference. They exchange information through communication just to the necessary extent so that work can be done and will not discuss or exchange information in the work environment and colleagues as quality difference. In China, the workers discuss everything in advance and consider meetings where the already commonly agreed decision will be announced. The Germans in contrast inform the participating attendants in a meeting about the hard and necessary facts. The decision-making process takes place within the meeting. Besides this, communication is also related to appearance such as clothes and accessories. In cross-communication cultural, these is relating to the context including formal and informal, status and individuality. In Islam, Muslim women are expected to cover in their entirety including the face, except for their eyes, while in Western countries most women, even in a business context, will wear smart attire. Western cultures tend to gravitate toward low-context starting points, while Eastern and Southern cultures tend to use high-context communication.